Sentencing outcomes across ethnic groups are heavily influenced by the offence mix; a major factor in determining sentencing outcomes. Children from minority ethnic groups accounted for two thirds (66%) of arrests of children made in London in in 2020/21. In contrast, for White offenders those aged 35 to 39 had the highest proportion of offenders reoffending. The total prison population in England and Wales was 79,000 on 30th June 2020, the lowest in 14 years. Find information about the experiences and outcomes of people. the officer found what they were searching for), and those where the item found was not what the officer was searching for, or where nothing was found. Since 2016, White defendants have had a consistently lower average custodial sentence length (ACSL) than other ethnic groups. The Ministry of Justice would welcome any feedback on the content, presentation or on any other aspect of this bulletin we can be contacted through: In addition, the annual report from the Head of Profession to the National Statistician will: Provide information on how many revisions were required to our publications and the reasons for these. A sharp instrument was the most frequent apparent method of killing across most ethnic groups, accounting for 40% of all homicides in the period between 2017/18 and 2019/20. You have rejected additional cookies. All estimates from the CSEW are for the year ending March 2020 and were therefore minimally affected by lockdown restrictions[footnote 10]. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months, the Chinese or Other group had the shortest (31.8 months), while all other ethnic groups ranged from 38.0 to 39.8 months. This proportion varied between 10% and 17% for all other ethnic groups in 2020/21. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. As outlined in the defendants chapter, drug offences accounted for the highest proportion of convictions within each ethnic group except for White offenders. 82% of people in England and Wales are white, and 18% belong to a black, Asian, mixed or other ethnic group (2021 Census data). * Possession (Class A) Main facts and figures in the year ending March 2020, 13% of people aged 16 and over said they had been the victim of a crime at least once in the last year this was down from 17% in the. Figure 7.02: Average custodial sentence lengths (ACSL) for indictable offences, by sex and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020, Figure 7.03: Age of defendant proceeded against at court for indictable offences by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2020. The largest proportion of crime higher workload is for offences which can be tried either before the magistrates court or the Crown Court, at 50% overall where ethnicity is known in 2020 and ranged between 46% and 52% when broken down by ethnic group. Reasons for searches that resulted in arrest[footnote 28]. Since 2019, Black and Asian defendants have been less likely to receive a custodial sentence relative to White defendants. These include: Survey data from Her Majestys Inspectorate of Prisons Annual Report, (New) Understanding Educational Background of Offenders (MoJ/ DfE data share). Criminal legal aid consists of legal advice and representation provided to people being investigated or charged with a criminal offence. This section looks at the proportion of determinate[footnote 50] sentence served[footnote 51]. This is expected given the more diverse population of London. In contrast, across all years (except 2017), Black prisoners have consistently served a higher proportion of their determinate sentence, at 67% in 2020. Generally, we discuss the broad categories individually, to reflect their different experiences, but given the much greater numbers of White individuals in the population it is sometimes necessary or appropriate to consider the minority ethnic groups together. All results relate to England and Wales unless explicitly stated otherwise. The highest proportion of offender with SEN with statement was highest for the White ethnic group (18%) and the highest proportion of offenders with SEN without statement was highest for the Other ethnic group (68%)[footnote 76]. In 2020/21, 20% of all arrests (where ethnicity is known) were made in London[footnote 34]. This publication is available at https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/ethnicity-and-the-criminal-justice-system-statistics-2020/ethnicity-and-the-criminal-justice-system-2020. The relationship between race and crime in the United Kingdom is the subject of academic studies, government surveys, media coverage, and public concern. Higher proportions of staff and practitioners in more senior roles were White for all organisations, when compared to the ethnic breakdowns of less senior staff[footnote 100]. In 2020, the custody rate for possession of weapons offences was highest for Black and Mixed offenders at 38%, the custody rate for White offenders was 36%, and 29% for both Asian and Chinese or Other offenders. Further information on the impact can be found. This release will include a statistical bulletin and associated data tables. , The Rehabilitation Activity Requirement was introduced in 2014 under the Offender Rehabilitation Act and requires the offender to attend appointments and participate in activities selected by their responsible officer to support their rehabilitation and reduce reoffending. Since this previous period, homicides, overall, increased by 17%. Arrests for children have been declining at a faster rate than arrests for adults, down 33% and 20% respectively since 2016/17. , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. Between 2019 and 2022, the homicide rate for people of the Black ethnic group was 39.7 homicides per million population in England and Wales, far higher than that of the white ethnic group,. Other sources in this chapter include Criminal Courts Statistics and Legal Aid Statistics. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. Overall, 81% of defendants who were remanded in custody at Crown Court for drug offences went on to receive an immediate custodial sentence. This trend has fluctuated across the past 5 years. These decreases are mainly due to court restrictions as a result of COVID-19^59]. Prevalence rate of violent crime U.S. 2014-2021, by race/ethnicity. Figure 8.02: Comparison of custody rates before and after controlling for offence mix, all indictable offences, 2020, England and Wales. Switch to the light mode that's kinder on your eyes at day time. Differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation but should not be taken as evidence of bias or as direct effects of ethnicity. In 2020, White offenders had an ACSL of 19.6 months in comparison with 26.8 for Black offenders, 28.6 for Asian offenders, and 24.4 for offenders of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnic groups. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. In the latest year, suspicion of drugs and offensive weapons were the two most common reasons for stops across all ethnic groups. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. For White adult offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35-39 at 35%. Figure 6.04: Outcomes of Parole Board hearings, year ending March 2021, England and Wales, by ethnicity. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased between 2016 and 2020 for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. Black and Other ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches where nothing was found (both 76%), followed by Asian suspects (74%). There was a greater number of male than female homicide victims in all ethnic groups. This article presents research into a method for producing population estimates by ethnic group and by religion, combining Annual Population Survey (APS) and census data. The difference in ACSL can be attributed to a range of factors, including the varying offence mix across ethnic groups (see figure 8.01). In 2020, where ethnicity was known, the number of requirements started under community orders fell to 72,400[footnote 58]; a decrease of 33% since 2018. Almost three quarters (1,405 or 72%) of all homicide victims (where ethnicity was known) over the three-year period were from the White ethnic group. In 2020, 70% of defendants were from the White ethnic group, 17% Black ethnic group, 7% Asian ethnic group, 5% Mixed and 2% Chinese or Other. Figure 5.05: Percentages of sentencing outcomes for all ethnicities, 2020, England and Wales. From:. Those where ethnicity was not known/recorded are not included in this commentary. , As a survey that asks people whether they have experience as a victim of crime, the CSEW does not cover homicides or crimes where there is no direct victim, such as possession of drugs or motoring offenses. Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. , Senior roles are as follows: CPS - Senior Legal Manager and Senior Civil Servant; MoJ Senior Civil Servant; HMPPS - Senior Civil Servant; Police - Chief Inspector, Superintendent, Chief Superintendent, and Chief Officers; Judiciary High Court Judges, Heads of Division and Lord Justices of Appeal. A higher proportion of prisoners from ethnic minority groups reported experiencing a type of bullying/victimisation from staff in the prisons, at 46% for Black and Mixed prisoners, 44% for Asian, and 43% for prisoners of Other ethnic groups, compared to 30% of White prisoners. Dont worry we wont send you spam or share your email address with anyone. , A suspect in a homicide case is defined as either: a person who has been arrested in respect of an offence initially classified as homicide and charged with homicide, including those who were subsequently convicted or a person who is suspected by the police of having committed the offence but is known to have died or committed suicide prior to arrest or being charged. Compared to ethnic minority groups, White clients had a higher proportion of representation at committals for sentence at 22%, whereas 15% of Asian and Black clients and 16% of Mixed were represented at committals. For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in comparison to White defendants. Number of black people killed by white people. Many of these offences were dealt with in London by the Metropolitan police force, where greater levels of stop and search activity likely lead to increased arrests and subsequent charges for drug possession. , Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England 2014/15 (Revised), A young person may be eligible to claim for FSM if they or their family meet certain criteria related to their income and benefits received. In most instances data are presented in terms of calendar years (up to 2020) and financial years (up to 2019/20), reflecting the reporting cycles and data collection of the agencies contributing information for this publication. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5 years. White prisoners reported more positive relationships with staff, with 80% reporting feeling that they were treated with respect by staff, in comparison to 63% of prisoners from Mixed ethnic groups. Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. In this section, all analysis looks at those in the matched offender cohort who were eligible for Free School Meals (FSM) and/or had Special Education Needs (SEN), at any point during KS4. A contributing factor to the long ACSL for Asian offenders is due to the high proportions of Class A drug related offences. From 2016 to 2019, the guilty plea rate remained relatively stable at between 88% and 89%. This analysis compares the police identified ethnicity in the matched young offender cohort by total sentence/cautioned and those sentenced to custody (12 months or less and more than 12 months). The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2020/21 also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Transgender Prisoners, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). 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